Wide band recording system



Jan. 5, 1965 T. A. BANNING, JR., ETAL 3,164,685

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Jan. 5, 1965 T. A. BANNING, JR., ETAL 3,164,685

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Jan. 5, 1965 T. A. BANNING, JR., ETAL 3,164,685

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Thos.A.Bonning,Jr.& Agnes J.

United States Patent C) V3,164,685 WIDE BAND RECORDING SYSTEM Thomas A.Banning, Jr., 5520 South Shore Drive, Chicago 37, Ill., and Emil L.Ranseen, deceased, late of Chicago, Ill., by Agnes J. Ranseen,executrix, Evanston, lili., assignors, by direct and mesue assignments,to Thomas A. Banning, Jr., Chicago, Ill., as trustee Originalapplication May 4, 1954, Ser. No. 427,428, now Patent No. 2,976,354,dated Mar. 21, 1961. Divided and this application Mar. 9, 1961, Ser. No.94,651

19 Claims. (Cl. 179-100.11)

This invention concerns itself with the production of tape recordingsinvolving sound record recordings, as well as recordings of both soundsignals and video signals on one and the same tape, to ensune` exactsynchronism and harmony of the subsequent play-backs from suchrecordings; and also concerns itself with sound signals recordings andplay-backs, under a system by which very faithful recordings andplay-backs of the sound waves may be recorded, without use of excessivetape speeds for receiving and carrying the sound signals. In connectionwith such sound signals recordings and play-backs,

the invention also concerns itself with a system of recording andplay-back such that it is possible to record radio frequency signals onthe tape, and during play-back supply such radio signals as a play-backoperation, to the conventional radio receiver set, so that Ithe thusrecorded program, on such radio frequency recording, may be faithfullyreproduced in such conventional receiver.

In connection with the foregoing, it is a further object of theinvention to provide a system including the tape recorder and play-backmeans, whereby it is possible to record on the tape all radio frequencysignals being received at the antenna or Vother corresponding unit,including all such radio frequency programs coming to such antenna undersuiiicient strength for reception and recording, or for conventionalreception by a Vradio or television receiver; and to provide forplay-back to a conventional audio radio receiving set or televisionreceiving set, by proper tuning of such radio or television setto theradio frequency or channel on which the desired program will be found.

Thisapplication is a division of the parent application of Thomas A.Banning, Jr.and Emil L. Ranseen, now deceased, for Improvements in TapeRecording and Translating and the Like, Serial No. 427,428, filed May 4,1954, and issued as Letters Patent of the UnitedV States, No. 2,976,354,March 21, 1961. Inathat earlier parentapplication there are disclosednovel means for producing cross-scanning operations on a tape ofwidthsuflicient to accommodate the intended. lengths of the cross-scans(across the tape), with the successive scans close together, so thatmany such cross-scans may be executed per lineal unit of the tape-forexample each inch. Accordingly, the number of signals which may berecorded per lineal inch of the tape is multiplied by the number ofsignals carried by each cross scan, assuming that the cross scans areexecuted as close together as the possible spacing of conventionallineal signals; otherwise the number of signals which may be recordedper lineal inch of the tape, may, under such cross-scanning operation,be multiplied by such number of signals per cross-scan, dividedby thedecreased number of cross scans per inch as compared to the spacing ofsignals under conventional lineal scanning operations.

Due to the possible enormous increase in the number of signals which maybe recorded per unit length of the tape (e.g., per inch), when using thecross-scanning inches/sec. Higher tape speeds will of course enablerecording of proportionately higher signals frequencies than areconventionally being used for television programming.

In the parent application, of which this case is a `division there aredisclosed improvements in the production and `translation of suchcross-scanning recordings, by use of a deflectable beam, electron beamtube arrangement, with the cross-scans produced by the horizontaldellections of such beam, and with translation of the beam strengthsinto -forces suitable for producing the recordings or for producingtranslations for play-back. Since such various means are fully disclosedin the said application and Letters Patent No. 2,976,354, it is notdeemed necessary to repeat such disclosures in detail here; but thereare included in this application such portions of such earlierdisclosures as will facilitate an understanding of the manners ofapplication of such crossscanning arrangements for the purposes of thepresent improvements.

It is now noted that the radio frequency signals `conventionally beingused range between 550 kc. (approximately) to 1600'kc. (approximately);so that correspondingly such frequencies range between 0.550 mc., and1.600 mc. Such frequencies could be recorded by lineal signalrecordings, only Vwith tape speeds of upwards of 550 inches/sec. to 1600inches/sec., on the assumption that 1000 signals may be Well recordedper lineal inch, without cross-talk between play-backs of such signals.On the assumption that 1000 signals may be successfully recorded andplayed back, per inch, and with a cross-scan of two inches length(across the tape), it is possible to record approximately 2000 signalsper cross-scan; and with a placement of not over 500 cross-scans perlineal inch of the tape, it is possible to record 500 times 2000 signalsper lineal inch of the tape, or 1,000,000 signals per lineal inch.Accordingly, if desired, it is possible to record 1,500,000 signals persec. with a .tape speed of only 1.50 inches/ sec.; or with cross-scansspaced 50 per lineal inch of the tape, such 1,500,000 signals per sec.may be recorded with a tape speed of only l5 inches/ sec. Conversely, byplacing the cross-scans closer together than 50/inch, it is possible torecord proportionately higher radio frequencies than 1,500,000/sec.,without exceeding the lineal speed of 15 inches/sec. Or, again, withthe- -Jcross-scans set closer together than V50/inch, it is possiblev torecord the 1,500,000 signals/sec. with lower tape i speeds than such l5inches/sec.

Having'produced the vradio frequency signals by crossscanningoperations, such signals -may be played-back; but since such recordingincludes all of the radio frequency signals touching the antenna (withproper amplication), it is possible, by play-back with a conventionaltuning receiver, to select that program from the many which may beincluded in such recording, by proper tuning of such receiver to theradio frequency of the carrier Wave carrying such program, and whichradio frequency is included among those thus recorded. In such case theantenna connection of the tunable receiver is switch connected to thesensing and amplifying equip-ment of the recorder, so that the radiofrequencies from the tape recording are now delivered to the receiverinstead of delivering theradio signals to such receiver directly fromthe antenna. Thus, any selected program may be played by conventionaltuning, and at another timethe same tape-recording may be again used forplay-back, and by then tuning the conventional receiver to anotherselected program, it is possible to bring such other program into play.

The hereinafter disclosed features include the means to make possiblesuch a system of operation.

The present application thus discloses means for producing a recordingof all of the radio frequency signals touchingthe antenna, amplifyingthem, recording them by cross-scanning onthe tape (or other `forms ofrecording), switching the sensing and scanning means into connectionwith the receiver, and playing-back a selected program, or any one lofthe programs which shall be included in such radio frequency recordings.Such means includes means whereby any one of the radio.l

frequency programs being received by the antenna may be tuned and playedby the receiver while the recording of all the radio frequency programsbeing touched by the antenna is proceeding; so that after such'recording of all theV programs has o'ccurredythat program which wassimultaneously played'` by the receiver while such recording'waslproceeding, may be re-played; or, under control of the tuning meansofthe receiver, any other recorded program may be tuned and played-backby such receiver.

A s disclosed in said parent application, Serial No. 427,428, latentlNo. 2,976,354, `such cross-scanning operations maybe used for producinga recording of a televised program, with means to ensure production of across scanof recording correspondingto each horizontal scan ordeflection of thekinescope beam. Such, recording is accompanied byplacement of synchronizing signals on the tape harmoniously withreception' of` such signals over the .antenna connection, andcorresponding to the use of such synchronizing signals for maintainingythe televised reception in` frame harmony with the operations at thesending station, Such synchr-onizing signals are` then sensed duringplay-back, toproduce corrections of the Vscans produced by the kinescopebeam, and to ensure harmonyY of the frames of picture produced by thekinescope, with theA frames scanned at the sending station. y

In thepresent application there are disclosedmeans to'producecross-scansof the audio frequency interpretationsl produced inthetelevision receiver, corresponding to the soundtranslations of suchreceiver, and in synchronisrn with the cross-scanned recordings of thepicture signals.A Thereare also disclosed means to sense and translatesuch so-recorded audio signals, in the television receiver by suitableswitching` facilities. Conveniently, but not necessarily, suchcross-scan recordings of the audio are produced in exact synchronismwith the crossscans of the picture signals, so that under, theseconditions there are produced as many cross-scans of the audiorecordings as therelare cross-scans ofthe` picture signals; and atspacings along the tape equal to those between the cross-scans of thepicture recordings. Infact, such -audio cross-scans may be superimposedon the pictureV recording cross-scans, and during play-back: such twosetsof signals will'be properly separated andtranslated,

` the audio signals vas sound interpretations, and the. picture signalsas kinescope strength controls.

VUnder presentpFCC specifications, there areA produced 15,750 horizontalscans'` of' the kinescope beam per second, there being 525 linesper`picture `frame,.and 30 such frames lper second.V Accordingly, whenvrecording the audio signals by cross-scanning, with the same number ofaudio cross-scansasthere are picturevcross-scans, it is evident thatthere will be produced 15,750 cross-,scans ofthe audio recording persecond; andwith a tape speed of 31.50 inches per second, suchcross-scans will `be separated Ibytwo mils from each other (beingSOt)`cross-scans per lineal inchgof the tape). Under these operationalconditions it is seen that veryrgreat fidelity of recording theV soundwaves-may bey ensured, evenfor such highl sound notes as 15,750vibrations/sec.,v generally much above the maximum which may be sensedby the human ear. Also, even such high audio'frequency recordings as15,750 c.p.s. will lbe produced with each sound wave recorded as acomplete scan across the recorded width of the tape; so that the mostminute variations .in timbre of such sound waves may -be faithfullyrecorded. RecordingsUof sound waves of less frequency will, of course,occupy more than a single cross-scan, and the low frequency waves willoccupy many successive cross-scans, with correspondingly faithfulrecording.

The present application discloses all such means as hereinbeforereferred to, for producing and playing-back such audio signals, by thecross-scanning operations.

Other objects and uses of the invention will appear from a detaileddescription of the same, which consists in the features of constructionand combinations of parts hereinafter described and claimed.

In the drawings v FIGURE 1 shows a face view of a section of signalrecording tape having recorded thereon a series of crossscanned; soundsignal recordings, together with regularly locatedsynchroniaingrsignals, recordings, placed on the tape during the soundor radio or audio signal recordings, and to be used during sensingyandtranslation of such sofrecoroed signals, if needbe;

FIGURE 2'shows a view corresponding to that of FIGURE i; ybut in FGURE 2there` is shown an electronic deflectable .beam scanningA unit ink placewith respect to suchtapesection, and usable to sense and translate;recorded audiosignals carried by such tape, with use ofL lateraldeflections of theielect'ron beam of such sensing unit corresponding to`Veach of the cross-scans; such cross-scanning meansV being fullydisclosed in the parent application, Serial No. 427,428, Patent No.2,976,354,V and' in one or more divisional applications based on saidparent application andpatentr I FIGURE 3 showsav'iew similar to thatofFIGURE 2;v but in the showing of FIGURE 3 there are includedtwo such`defleotable beam cross-scanningy units, in series alignment alongthetape, one such unit constituting a picture signal recording and/orsensing and-translating unit, and the other such unit constituting aradio or audio signal sensing and translating unit;

FIGURE 4 shows a fragmentary. plan view corresponding, to. a portionof.' either of FIGURES 2 or 3; and FIGURE 4.also shows -apair ofconductors extending across. the record carrying width 'of the tape, andseparated' by a narrow air-gap, to be used during recording andtranslating operations, according to various of the disclosures of suchparent application and patent; and according to theV disclosuresincluded in one or more of the kdivisional applications based on suchvparent application; and VFIGURE 4 also shows, schematically, a simpleform of circuitry for use inconnection with such recordingcperations;

FIGURE 5 shows a view similar to thatof FIGURE 4; but FIGURES showsschematicallyfa simple form of circuitry, which may be used forsensingrand translating signals oarriedby the tape; i

FiGURE 6 shows a view, similar to that of FIGURE 5; but FIGURE 6 showsschematically another simple form of, circuitry, for 'sensing andtranslating thel previously. recorded signals;

FIGURE 7 shows a fragmentary vertical section through theV end portionofthe `delie'ctable beam scanning unit of previousgures of thiscase; andthis, igureyshows the windev/ inthe end of the` envelope, andtransparent to ionizing wave-lengths, together with the target surfaceof phosphorwhich is constituted to produce such ionizingv wave-lengthsunder electron vbeam excitation, for direct passage through the 'windowofthe envelop, to the exterior of such envelop; togetherwith a reflectoroutside of the-envelop, constituted to receive the ionizingwave-'lengths beam emerging from the window, and deflectsuclrbeam'directly down towards thetape surface;

the narrow air-gap which isionized at an elemental area to produceconductivity between such two conductors;

FGURE 8 shows a-view similar to-that'of FGURE 7; but in VFGURE 8 theelectron beam extends in vertical direction so that it impacts thephosphor surface directly, and so that the so-produced ionizingwavelengths beam may be transmitted directly through the window, and tothe air-gap without need of direction change produced by reiiectingmeans; i

FIGURE 9 shows another fragmentary view similar to that of FIGURE 4, butwithout the circuitry of FIG- URE 4; and FIGURE 9 shows how the twoconductors which produce the air-gap between them are connected togetherat their ends, by insulating clips, connected to the end portion of theenvelope, or to other suitable supporting means;

FIGURE 10 shows a fragmentary vertical section, taken on the line 10-10of FIGURE 9, looking in the direction of the arrows;

FIGURE 11 shows -a fragmentary vertical section through the end portionof the scanning unit of form embodying the window in its lower wall,facing towards the translating conductors; `and in this embodiment thereare providedtwo dynodes, one inthe path of the beam from the beam source(such as the gun), set to reflect the beam upwardly at an angle, and atthe same time' to amplify the beam by secondary emission, and the otherlocated between such first dynode and the phosphor surface, and set atangle to reiiect the firstly amplified beam down towards such phosphorsurface, with a further amplification by secondary emission;

FIGURE 12 shows a view similar to that of FIGURE 11; but inthe presentembodiment the window ofma-t pacted by the two dynode amplied electronbeam during its` scan, the outer ends of such conductors being located`close to the surface of the tape whereon the recordings are to be made,to produce the desired record-V ing on such surface;

FIGURE 13 shows another view similar to that `'of FIGURE 11; but in thepresent embodiment there'is included only one dynode set to .reflect theelectron beam directly to the phosphorsurface, with amplification ofsuch beam by secondary emission; t

FIGURE 14 shows a horizontal section taken on the line 14-14of FIGURE11Ylookingin the direction` of the arrows; r

FIGURE 15 shows a horizontal section taken on the` line 15-15 of FIGURE12, looking in the direction of the arrows; j, t

.FIGURE 16 shows `a fragmentary detail of another embodiment of theconductors and air gap arrangement for producing a force which may beused for producing the recordings by magnetic effects on themagnetizable surface of a tape, or for sensing and translating magneticrecordings carried -by such tape; and in thisernbodiment ofsuchconductors there is provided a third conductor between the two outsideconductors, for producing a bi-` polar recording on Ithe tape or forsensing the recordings carried by such tape; z Y Y FIGURE 17 shows afragmentary vertical section taken On `the line 17-17 of FIGURE 16,looking in the direction of the arrows; t

FIGURE 18 shows, more` or less schematically, a simple `arrangementembodying the cross-scanning recording means, to enable the'recording ofa televised program, when such recording unit is used in conjunctionwitha more or less conventional form of television receiver, such television4receiver beingprovided withthe usual antenna connection, the usualcontrols for picture and brightness, theusual kinescope andspeakerjarrangement, the usual horizontal fandvertical deliector andsynchronizing means and arrangements, and other conventional elements;and in this figure there are shown t suitable switching arrangementswherebyy the recorder tape, according lto the cross-scanning' principle,together with production of a sound track recording, and production ofthe necessary synchronizing signal recordings, or whereby theso-recorded record may be played-back to the television receiver by asimple switch reversing operation, -accompanied by the necessary taperewind to a beginning point; and in this figure the sound track isproduced linearly along the edge portion of the tape;

FIGURE 19 shows, more or less schematically, a modification of theshowing o-f FIGURE 18, such modification consisting principally in theproduction of the sound recordings as cross-scans convenientlysuperimposed on the cross-scans of the picture recording; for whichpurpose the' arrangement shown in FIGURE 19 includes two deiiectablebeam tubes located at lineal separation along the tape travel, in whichcase the sound recordings, while made simultaneously with the picturerecordings, will be displaced lengthwise of the tape by the amount ofsuch lineal displacement; and in this figure there is shown means toeffect accurate adjustment of at least one of the scanning tubeslengthwise of the tape, so as to ensure correct registry of both tubeswith the cross-scans produced during the recording and played-back;

FIGURE 20 shows, more or less schematically, a single arrangementembodying the cross-scanning recording means,'for enabling the recordingof all radio frequency signals received from the antenna of a radioreceiver of conventional type, with amplilication,without need ofpre-selecting any given station which may be within receiving range, sothat thereby a full recording is placed on the tape of all the radiofrequency signals thus striking the antenna, coming in tatvarious radiofrequencies of `carrier waves; and with provi-sion for also, by a simpleswitching operation, and `with proper previous rewind of the sofrecordedsignals, playing-back all such signals into the antenna connection ofthe radio receiver, so that the tape recorded signals exactly simulatethe total of the radio frequency signals which were sensed by theantenna during the recording operation; and so that the operator maythen select from ,such so recorded radio frequency signals that carrierwave frequency which carries the prov gram of his selection forplay-back; and in the arrangement shown in this gure the recorder itselfis provided with Isuitable deilection control means and saw-toothgenerating means, and synchronizing signal means, to effect thenecessary -controls ofthe operations of the recorder elements;

FIGURE 21 shows, more or less schematically, a simple arrangementembodying the cross-scanning recording means, for enabling the recordingof only that selected program which is atthe time of such recording,tunedV for reception and translation in the conventional way by theradio receiver; and with suitable switching means of simple form toenable play-back of such so-recorded program, havingpreviously producednecessary rewind of the tape of the recorder; and in this showing thereis also included suitable deflection control means and saw-toothgenerating means, and synchronizing means, as a portion of the recorderitself, to enable andelect the necessary controls of the operations ofthe recorder elements;

FIGURE 22js hows, more or less schematically, a simple arrangementembodying the cross-scanning recording means Vdisclosed in the parentapplication, Patent No. 2,976,354, and in divisional cases basedthereon, for enablingthe simultaneous production of recordings on thetape of a plurality of picture recordings; as for example, severalindustrial operations which are related to each other, by use ofcorresponding camera arrangements to emit television signals for suchseveral operations, to mix Vsuch signalsaccording to a selected means,such as by mixing the highs of highfrequency waves coming atequalfrequency but with phase displacements from each other accordingto'a well known scheme in use at the present time, and with placement ofsuch so-mixed highs on the operation now being sensed` tape underrecorded conditions, including the cross-scans means herein disclosed;together with simple switching means to enable the playing-back of suchso-mixed signals andproper sampling of the signals, and forwarding ofthem to corresponding television kinescopes for simultaneous productionof the several so-televised and recorded operations; the arrangementsincluding necessary deflection control means, and sawtooth generatingmeans, and synchronizing control means, to effect the needed controls ofthe operations of the recorder and kinescope elements as required; and

FIGURE 23 shows, more or less schematically, a simplearrangementembodying the cross-scanning recording means herein disclosed, forenabling the recording of the signals received at a color televisionreceiver from a selected channel, placing all such signals on the tapein proper relationship, to make a full recording of all such signals inproper relationship, together with simple switching means to enable playback of such Lso-recorded color television program onto a suitable coloror monochrome television receiver. I

In each of FIGURES 2, 3, 18, 19, 2O and 21,'there is shown across-scanning unit 111 (two being shown in FIGURE 3, designated as 166and 167, respectively), in place with respect to a 'recordr'eceiving andcarrying tape 10h; and in such FIGURES 18, 19, 20 and 21, there areshown schematically, means to drive such tape, in conventionalorsuitable form. In eachV of such figures, also, numerous-cross-scansare indicated by the curved crosswise `extending lines which designatelocations at which cross-scans havebeen or may be produced or sensedvbytheunit 111, or ictior 167, as the case maybe. `Each such scanning unitis shown as including means to produce an electron beam within theenvelope of such unit, means to produce lateral vdeiiections or swingsVof such beam, and means to produce, exterior to the envelope of suchunit, a scanning force whose strength is proportional to the strength ofthe beam within the envelope, and whose crossscanning operation isproduced in exact synchronism with the deflections of the beam'withinsuch envelope. Means Vare alsorfshown for translating'such scanningforce into a'corresponding recording on the tape, in the case of arecording operation; and for sensing and translating previously recordedsignals carried by such tap'e, Withsensing of Vthe scans in sequencecorresponding to the sequence under which they were recorded.

Various details of such scanning units are shown in FIGURES 7, 8, 9, 10,andll to 17, inclusive, such figures also including showings ofalternative embodiments of details. Included in such details are meansto produce the lateral or horizontal deflections of the beam, means todeliver to the beam 'potentials proportional to the strengths of the`signals to be recorded, alternative embodiments of means totranslate'the beam strength emitted within the envelope, and the lateralscans of such primary-beam within the envelope, into forces outside ofthe'envelope of strength 'proportional to the strength of the beamWithin VVthe envelope, and to cause such so-produced forces to eXecntelateral scans` exactly in harmony and synchronism with the lateraldeflections of theV beam withinthe envelope. Such details als'oincludealternative disclosures of means to translate such outside forces intorecordings on the tape,vv either as magnetic recordings, or aselectrostatic force recordings. Said details also include showings ofmeans to translatethe forces outside of the envelope into sensing meanstolenableplay-back of recorded signals carriedby the tape. Variousvother details of such showings, are also included in said iigures',including'means to amplify the strength of the beam' or of the outsideforce which corresponds to such beam. Various other disclosuresl arealso included in said figures.V Sinceall such showings and disclosuresarefully setoutin said parentv here; but certainof such detaiis ofyconstructionand peration will be referred to hereinafterduring'de'scription and consideration of FIGURES 18, 19, 20 and21,'which disclose certain novel operations of recording and translationwhich may be produced by use of various of the features of suchscanningunits or other scanning units. Accordingly, reference is nowmade to said FIGURES 18, 19, 20 and 2l, as follows: f

YIn each of FIGURES 18 and 19 there is'shown a combination of therecorder means with a conventional television receiver, and there arealso shown several of the circuit elements of that receiver inconventional block schematic diagram form. In both of these figures suchconventional elements are the same, and the schematic circuitsillustrated in the two cases are alike as respects the televisionreceiver itself. However, an important difference between the showingsof FIGURES 18 and 19 resides in the fact that in FIGURE 18 the soundsignals are recorded along a lineal recording of the tape, with use of aconventional sound recording element or head, and with conventionalsensing from such sound track during play-back; whereas in FIGURE 19there is disclosed an arrangement under which the sound signals arerecorded by'cross-scans superimposed on the cross-scans of thepicturesignals. This latter arrangement requires provision of one of thescanning units capable of producing such cross-scanning, for producingand/orv sensing the recorded sound' or audio signals; 'and also'requiressynchronizing signal provisions.` Itis also necessary that suchsynchronizing signal provisions for the second `scanning unit (audio),shall operatefsimultaneously with those of the picture scanning unit. Avfurther feature of diifererenc'e between the showings of FIGURES 18 and19,

' desired,'and they may operate on either the ionizing effect principleor the conductor principleyas desired. They may also be of thehorizontal envelope scanning unit type,or the vertical envelope scanningunit type, both application, Serial No.7427,428, Letters Patent No.2,976; Y.

354, it is not deemed necessary tofr'epeat a'description of suchdetailsof' construction, and principles of operation of which areillustrated in this application, or may be of other types, as desired.Consideration of the changes needed when changing from the recording tothe sensing and translating operation will show that'in some caseschanges in circuitry are also necessary when using any selected form ofthe equipment embodying features of the present invention. Such changesare not necessarily of serious nature. However, kin FIGURES 18 and 19there are shown switching karrangements for enabling gang changesbetween the recording and sensing-translating operations, and suchswitching arrangements include changes in circuitry needed when changingin the one direction or the other. y

It is also noted that as between the .ionizing type and the fconductortype'ofrscanning unit, slight changes in circuitry areneeded for the onetype kof operation -as compared to the other `type of operation. Toavoid needless complexity of circuits illustrated inthe figures, and toproducethe desired showings in schematic form, various of the elementsare shown in such schematic form, and with simpleA line connectionsVbetween elements or units.` Thus, in each'of said gures there is'sh'owna simple detection platepinjconnection witheach of the cross-scanningunits, in placetof the two conductor translating unit shown in' detailin various of the figures.

In FIGURE 18 the television receiver as a whole is shown at AJ and therecordingor sensing unit'as a whole at AB. The line 202 is intended todistinguish these units from each other and to show generally how4 thecircuit lines between the two units are interconnected. Suchinterconnection is shown by the cable indicated at 203. This cablewillof course carry the necessary lines to establish the properinterconnections between such units A and B; and such cable may beprovided with end plugs having terminals proper to provide the desiredline connections; and the television receiverand the `recorder should beprovided with corresponding multiple conductor sockets to receive suchcablerend plugs.

, There is shown a multiple line two throw switch 204 as included in therecorder unit B, but of course this switch might have been shown asincluded in the television receiver set A. However, since the televisionreceiver will generally be delivered as a distinct unit withoutcorresponding provision of the recorder, but with provision of theneeded cable socket toreceive the cable plug at a future time, it ispreferred to include such switch as a portion of the recorder. Thisswitch is shown as including the ten blades 205, 206, 207, 20S, 209,210, 211, 212, 213 and 214, connected for common control movement by thegauging element 215. If desired such switch may also be provided with athird or Off position between its two working positions. Of these two,that to the left, in which position the switch is shown in FIGURE 18, isthe Recording position, and that to the right is the Play-Back position,l, i

It is now mentioned that inl the circuit arrangement shown in FIGURE 18the switch .blade 212 is for control of the antenna. During normaltelevision reception and with or without simultaneous recording by therecorder, this blade establishes connection of the antenna to theantenna input connection of the television receiver, but duringplay-back thisblade is in its right-hand position, with the antennadisconnected from the television receiver and dead. During suchplay-back the receiver is obtaining its picture signals from thepreviously recorded tape. n

In FIGURE 18 the various blades are conveniently identitled asV to theirgeneral functions, as follows:

Blade 205, line 216, sound track` detector plate.

Blade 206, line 217, `and Blade 207, line 218, synchronizing signalunit.

Blade 208, line 219, and

Blade 209, 4line 220, sound track unit. t, H

Blade 210, line `221, synchronizing signal detector plate,

Blade 211, line 222, scanning tube detector plate.

Blade 212, line 223, antenna line, v t

Blade 213, line 224, and` e Blade 214, line 225, electron beam strengthcontrol, for the picture recording scanning unit.

During recording the blade 205 connects by line` 226 to a potentialcontrol unit 227; the blades 206 and 207 connect to the synchronizingunit 228 (or other suitable synchronizing unit of the receiver A) by thelines 229 and 230; the blades 208and 209 connect to the audio amplifierunit 231 by the lines 232 and 233; the blade 210 connects by the line234 to a potential control unit `235; the blade 211 connects by Aa line236 to the potential control unit 237; the blade 212 connects by theline 238 to the antenna connection to the television receiver; and theblades 213 and 214 connect by the lines 239 and` 240 to the picture andbrightness lines of the television receiver kinescope. Y

At this point attention is called tothe vfact that when the recorderunit is of that type in which the recordings are magnetically made on asuitable form'of tape, using either the ionizing effect or the conductoreffect to transfer the electron beam effects to the outside of the tube,there is no need for inclusion of the detector plates beneath the tape,since both the recording and sensing operations are performed at the topof the tape; whereas such detector plates are needed when using theelectrostatic type of recording and sensing. Accordingly, when 10 usingthe magnetic type of recording, the switch 'blades 20S, 210 and 211 willbe unnecessary and the corresponding lines may be either eliminated ormodified for other uses aud purposes. Likewise the potential controlelements 227, 235 and 237 may be eliminated when the recordings are ofthe magnetic type. Attention is also called to the fact that when usingthe electrostatic type of recording and sensing it may be desirabletomodify the lines 222, 216l and 221, which connect to the detectorplates by inclusion of various elements such as amplifiers, etc.Accordingly, there are shown such additional elements in said lines, asfollows; an element X inthe line 222, an element Y in the line 216, andan element intensities of the recorded scans follow faithfully theVintensities of the kinescope scans; that the synchronizing signals areplaced on the tape in exact harmony with the receipt of thesynchronizing signals by the synchronizing elements of the televisionreceiverthat is,

at completion of each frame; that the horizontal scans of the electronbeam of the recorder scanning Vuni-t exactly follow the horizontal scansof the kinescope elec-4 tron beam; and that the intensities of the soundrecord-4 ings exactly follow the sound intensities ofthe audio or soundwaves sent to the speaker of the television receiver.

It willtalso be found that when it is desired to playback from the taperecording to the television receiver such operation maybe effected bythrowing the switch to the righthand position, the tape having in themeantime been rewound. rThereupon it will be found that thesynchronizing signals previously recorded by the tape will be fed backinto the television receiver circuits so that the synchronizingcorrectionsgto be made in that television receiver will come from `thetape recordling, and will thus be correctly timed and placed withrespect to the frames of the cross-scans being signalled by therecorder; that the horizontal cross-scans of both the televisionreceiver andthe tape recorder' will be dictated by the sawtoothgenerator of the television receiver for such horizontal scans; and thatthe sound wave signals recorded by the tape recorder will be deliveredto the speaker of the television vreceiver or `to suitable-amplifyingelements in properhannony with scansand frames produced in thetelevision receiver. Since the frequency of the cross-scans was dictatedby the horizontal deflector-and sawtooth generator lof the televisionreceiver during the recording operait` follows that close harmonybetween the needed functions of the units will be produced duningplay-back, so that correct interpretation will occur. Furthermore, theincoming of the synchronizing signals from the recorded tape instead offrom the ether, will ensure harmony between the scans recorded on thetape and such syn.- chronizing signals so that the television receiverwill be keptin proper step during needed corrections, with theplaying-back from the tape. It is understood that during suchplaying-back the motor drive to the tape is provided by the same currentsupply as was used during' Athe recording, as far as frequency and closeregulation thereof are concerned.

The driving motor is shown as provided with the reversng switch 241 inthe supply lines leading to the motor 242 by which the tape is driven.By this switch it is possible to reverse the direction of tape drive forencaisse` rewind; but of courseduning playing-back the directionI oflmotor drive and tape feedl is the same as during recording. l

It is also4 noted that when using the magnetic type of recording andplaying-back the lines 216, 221 and Z22-will be properlyfconnectedto theair-gap conductor elements according-to the showings ofFIGURES-4, 5

and 6, and elsewhere,l or to other elements suitable to,A perform theneeded functions of laying down the magnetic recordings duringrecording, and of sensing the magnetic recordings during playing-back.Sutlicient has been disclosed in thisv application, and' in theparentapplication, Serial No. 427,428; Patentl No. 2,976,354, and inother divisional applications based on said parent' case, to enable thenecessary changes to be made insaid lines and. their connections to theelements shown in FIGURES4, 5 andg6, to enable proper operations` to-beperformed when using the magnetic type taperecording and sensing,without burdeningl thisspecitication and the drawings with furtherdetails thereof.

In view of the rather full description of the showing of FIGURE 18 it isdeemed unnecessary to make extended description of FGURE 19. However,the following further statements respecting the showing `ofv FIG- URE 19are pertinent:

In FIGURE 19 there is not shown any linear sound track, which featurehas already been referred to. Since ity is desirable to bring both theaudio andy picture recordings into exact phase during sensingandtranslation, in FIGURE 19 there is included means to accurately adjustthe spaclingbetween the two scanning unitsk 111- and 243, so that theaudio and picture signals which 'correspond to each other willbesimultaneouslytranslated.

Such means, as shown, includesthe stud 244 connected' to the unit 243 bya-threadegd connection-including the sleeve 245 through whichthe stud isthreadedsuch sleeve being connected to the unit- 243' by thev bracketconnectlion 246. By rotating the studV in one direction or the other theunit 243'willbe shifted towards or/ awayy from the unit 111 flfor*picture scanning, it being understood that the stud. 244 is supportedfor rotation but held'-y against endwise shift.

It is alsol noted that the lateral deflectiongsignals for,-

both of the units 111 and 243 are; derived-.from the same source, -sothat the beam, scans for,` bothrsuchiunits are held in exact synchronismat all times. To thisend, the laterall deflection yokes for bothsuch.units are connected to the: lines 114 and 114% which-are in turnl bothconnected to lines connected tothe horizontal deector andsynchronizingunit of the' television,r receiver. Thus', with' this arrangement,vthereis no need to provider-al lateral-deflectionV The embodiment'shown' in FIGURE 2Q is intendedforf 65 making arecordof all radiofrequency signalsfreaching the antenna, which signals are of frequencyfwithinthe recording ability 'of equipment based on thecross-scanning'principle. It has already been shown that .signals of thefrequency of several megacycles-'per4 secondmay be recorded and sensedbythe use of equipment embodyingV features disclosed in said parentapplication' and patent No, 2,976,354, and divisional applicationsbasedl thereon. In FIGURE 20there is shown a-conventional radio receiver(audio) having. the tuning button 247,I

1 of the recorder.

12 and the station indicatorscaie 24h. of conventional design andconstruction andform.. There is also shown the antenna connections 249,and the speaker 251i, falso of con-` ventional form. UnderV conventionaloperation of this receiver the antenna 251 is connected directly to thesuch units are provided within -or as portions of the recorder. Theseinclude the radioV vfrequency electron beam strength control 253, thehorizontaler lateral deector and synchronizing unit (conveniently of thesaw-tooth generator type) 254, and the unit 255 for producing thesynchronizing signals during recording. These units may.

embody the'needed elements for performance of their functionsaccordingto conventional and well understood principles presently in wide use inthe-electronic arts. There is also shown theV radio-frequency amplifier2555 f which handles the incoming signals for amplification ofv theradio frequency signals.

There is shown the eightblade double throw switch 257,'

i including the blades 258,. 259 260, 261, 2&2, 263, 264

and 265. These may be-thrown to the left, as shown inF-IGURE20,.for-recordingandto the right for playingback, andif desired acentral or of position may also be provided. In the arrangement shown itis only-necessary to provide two conductors between the radio (audio)receiver, and the recorder,.such connections being Iantenna lines, 266from. the antenna tothe switch blades 264 and 265, and the connection267, from the switch to the receiver antenna connection249.

With the switch in its left-hand position, as shown for recording, theantenna isl connected to the-'antenna connection 249, so thatv the.conventional radio receiver may translate any desired station which maybe on the air andtunable and lreceivable, by tuning the button 247' tothe proper station position. Thus, as far asthe receiver operation isconcerned, a norm-al selecting and receiving operation may be conducted.In this positionl of the switch, which is the recording operation, theblades 253 and`259` are connected to the unit 253 through the amplifier26S'. Said-blades connect by the lines 269 and 27h to the electron beamstrength control of the scanning unit Thus Ythe electron beam willy bevaried as to strength by the signals received by said unit 253. Saidunit is connectedto the unit 256- which receives radio-frequency signalsVdirectly from the'antennafover the line 271, the switch being in therecordingvposition. With such switch in-such position the synchronizingunit 255 connectsY by the lines 272 and 2'73to the synchronizing signalrecorder unit, thus planting the synchronizing signals on the tape.Likewise, with the switch still in the recording position the scanrecords detector plate (when oneis'used) is connected by the line 274and the switch blade 260m adjustable potential, andthe synchronizingvrsignal detector plate- (when used) is connected by the line 275 andtheswitch blade 261 to an adjustable potential,'assumingV that thearrangement is one which includes the detector plates instead of theair-gapsensing arrangement-herein andv elsewhere disclosed,both in saidparent application, Patent No.` 2,976,554,V and other divisionalapplications. v

With the `above disclosed arrangements itis evident j that all radiofrequency signals-reaching the antenna and which are-within therecordable (frequencies, will be` recorded on the tape at their radiofrequencies. Each-carrier wave willv be recorded superimposed 'on all'other received carrier waves, so that there will be produced on. thetape a recording which exactly simulates the effects 13 being deliveredto the antenna by the ether during the interval of recording. In otherwords the tape record will include all received radio frequency,signals, not audio signals. lIf thereafter the switch be moved to itsrighthand position, for playing-back, examination of the circuits willshow that the antenna is now Off, and that the scan records detectorplate is connected to the antenna connection to the receiver.Accordingly, the playing-back will deliver to the receiver antennaconnections the same mixture of signals as came in from the ether by wayof the antenna; but since that mixture is a result of the intermixing ofall of the received carrier Wave frequencies, it is just as possible tonow tune the receiver to any one of the carrier Waves so received andrecorded as it would have been to tune the receiver to the desiredstations carrier wave had the reception been directly from the antennainstead of by way of the recording. Thus there has been provided meansto enable recording of all of the frequencies which are on the etherduring the interval of recording, and which are of frequency within therecordable range of the recorder. Thus, too there has been providedmeans which will make it possible to locate and translate signalscarried by many stations or sending stations during the recordinginterval, and thus the use of the receiver is not limited to thereception of that single station which was being tuned by the receiverduring the interval which has been recorded. Thus, too, there has beenprovided the means to enable finding or locating signals received duringa given interval, long after the select that program whichhe wishes toplay on the radio,

in the arrangement shown in FIGURE 2l thel recordings are of the soundor audio frequencies themselves, and are thus in the much lowerfrequency range.

In the arrangement shown in FIGURE 21 the radio receiver 276 is providedwith the conventional tuning button ,A

279 for tuning to the selected radio frequency of the desired station;and there is shown, schematically, such a frequency tuning arrangementin the form of the oscillator 277 including the fixed inductance 2-77aand the variable capacitance 278 across such inductance, the variablecapacitance being operated by use of the tuning button, 279. Thedial'279*a is provided for indicating the tuned station according toconventional arrangements. The speaker 280 is also shown, together withits coil 281, and connections 282 and 283 are provided for deliveringthe audio frequency to such speaker, so that the lines connected to saidconnections 282 Aand 283 carry the audio Waves which correspond totheradio frequency signal which has been tuned, and which audio waves aredelivered tothe re-` corder. The arrangement shown in this figureincludes means to make a tape recording of these so-tuned audio Waves.When any other radio frequency istuned, corriesponding to 'anothersending station, the audio waves then delivered overA the connections282 and 283 will corre# spond to the newly tuned program. l

With a recording of the 'kind just described it is evident thatplay-back of any one of the recorded programsrrn'ay be effected bydelivering `to the speaker connections 282 and 283 replicas of the audiorecordings thus previously placed on the tape.` At'such times theantenna 284 is disconnected from the receiver, or, alternately thespeaker coil and connections 282 and 283 may be disconnected from thereceiver circuits during play-back; and since such circuit arrangementsare well known it is not necessary to show them in full detail in FIGURE21.

The line 285 shows schematically, the division point -between thoseelements comprising portions of the receiver, and those, above suchline, comprising portions of the recorder. The recorder shown thenincludes the audio frequency receiver element 286, the audio frequencyelectron beam strength control unit 287, the horizontal deflector andsynchronizing unit 288, the synchronizing control unit 289, and theamplifier for electron beam strength control unit 290, when needed.

The ten blades, double throw switch 291 is provided in the recorderunit, Which when thrown to its left-hand position as indicated in FIGURE21, produces the needed connections for recording the audio waves thenbeing produced by the radio receiver at its then tuned position, beingthe program then being played; and which switch, when thrown to itsright-hand position, produces the needed connections forv playing-backsuch audio wave recorded program to the speaker unit of the radioreceiver. In view of the rather detailed description already given ofseveral of the switching and related arrangements it seems unnecessaryto` repeat such descriptions here. It is, however, emphasized that withthe present arrangement of FIGURE 21, there is being produced directly arecording of audio Waves at their audio frequencies, on the tape record,and there are played-back, by the cross-scanning principle, suchrecordings, as distinguished from playing back such audio wavefrequencies by the conventional linear recording and scanning principle.Y

Next is considered the embodiment shown in FIGURE 22. In this embodimentprovision is made for simultaneously producing a tape recording ofpicture signals 'of a plurality of camera examinations of one or moresubjects, the signals for such plurality of camera examinations beingrecorded as regularly recurring or cyclically recorded recordingsIofelemental areas of the several objects being examined by the cameras.To this end there are provided the plurality of cameras-in theillustrated case, three-examining'the objector objects. l In theillustrated `case these three cameras, 292, 293` and 294 are shown asbeing directed to a common commercial unit, 295, such as `the tuyeres ofa blast furnace whose operation is under examination, and whoseoperations at different points are to be Vtape recorded.I These camerasdeliver individual scanning signals on three successive high frequencywaves coming at regular time spacing, as when spaced one hundred twentydegrees apart, according to well understood principles in the televisionart. Provision is then made for sampling the highs of these successivesignals, by use of the sampler unit shown schematically at 296, anddelivering the sampled highs in mixed form over the lines 297 and 298.Suitable synchronous generator means 299, sampling pulse generatingmeans '3 00, and accessories are provided as portions of the camerasection, so indicated in FIGURE 2.2. The synchIonizing signals aredelivered over the lines 301 and 362, for use`in' the recorder; andhorizontal deflection control signals are delivered over the lines 303and 304 also for use in the recorder. Thusprovision is made fordelivering to the recorder crossscanning unit not only Vthe needed mixedhighs signals for use ini controlling the intensity of the electron'beamof the scanning tube, but also for controlling and producinghorizontal-scans of that electron beam, and for delivering the necessarysynchronizing signals to the proper unit of the recorder.

In the schematically illustrated embodiment of FIG- URE 22 there isshown a receiver and kinescope section to'which the recorded signals maybe deliveredfrom the tape recorder, and by which section such signalsmay be translatedintothe desired plurality of viewable pictures on theseveral kinescope screens. Thereby there is provided the means toenableplaying-back such plurality of recorded picture signals, so thatthe happenings which have occurred at the corresponding camera viewedlocations can be simultaneously and comparatively viewed by lanindividual or a group of individuals,at a time and i place convenientand f lesirabley for vproducing such subsequent 'operations. Thus thereare shown the three rkinescopes 305,306 and 307 located in the receiversection, together with the sampler by which'the received signals areseparated from each other and delivered to said three kinescopes inregularlyrecurring progression, suchsarnpler being numbered 3ti8, thedeilecting circuit unit 309 for producingboth ythe horizontal andvertical deecting signals for the Vkinescopes, and the televisionreceiver unit 310 to which the sensed signals from the scanning unitofthe recorder arel delivered during playing-back, e The eight blade,Adouble throw switch 311 is provided in the recorder s ection foreffecting the needed controls of circuit connections during recording(left-hand switch position vas showrrin FIGURE 22)andl during playingfback (right-hand position of the switch). It is understood that thisswitchmay also have a central of Oft position if desired. It is notdeemed necessary to describe the various circuit connections in fulldetail here, as they will be'readily understood from earlier discussionsalong this line contained in this specification.

It is pointedout that with the Amixed highs arrangement disclosed inthis gure it is possibley to place the dot signals ,coming from theseveral carnerasvon the cross-l scans of the tape in regularly recurringprogression in various, manners. kOne such manner is that shown inFIGURE 20 of said Letters Patent No. 2,976,354, and certain divisionalapplications of such parent case, and which dot arrangement visalsointendedvf'or making a re'cord of the color television signals by themir/red highs arrangement. Such being the case it will'be understoodthat many ofthe features of such a dot recording can also be used forcolor television recordings. There will presently be disclosed in ,thiscase a vcolor/television recording arrangement in fuller detail.` 'Itshould be pointed out, however, that if desired each full line scan ofthe receiver maybe assigned to acorresponding'full line scan of acamera, 292, 293 and 294, of FIGURE 22, with provision for sendingthescan signalsA to the recorder asfull line scans from the threecameras in regular sequence and recurring succession. In such case each.dot will be kone scan line in length. v In such case'thereceiver willbe arranged, as respects its connections and its sampler 308, to sendthe played-back `scan lines of the recorder to the three-kinescopes insuccession and'repetitious order of progression. Attention is called tothe scan line arrangement for color operations, shown in FIGURE 21 ofsaid Patent No. 2,976,354, as illustrative of such a scheme of scanning,although'that ligure is illustrative particularly of the recordedsignals of va color television program, jon thethreeprimary color basis.

In FIGURE 23 there is shown schematically, an arrangement whereby colortelevision signals,being currently tuned and received byaconventionaltorni of color teleduction of the completely translated color replica.The deiiecting `circuits for both horizontal and vertical deflectionsare shown at 320, and the horizontal deilection control lines 321 and32(2 extend from this control to the recorder (through the switch,presentlyto be referred to) for control of the horizontalscans of therecorder scanning tube, according t-o the vprinciples already disclosedherein.V

The television receiver, etc., is shown at 323 for delivering thedesired signals which arrive over the antenna 524, to the sampler 319for the three kinescopes of the receiver, and to the sampler 325fordelivery 'to the recorder instrumentalities as presently to be shown.The unit 325 may also be understood to be a mixer as designated onFIGURE 2 3. This unit 325 actually delivers mixed signals, in ampliedform, to the electron beam strength control element of the recorderscanning unit, so that all of the mixedfsignals will go to the recorder`for placement on the tape in regularly recurring order, while at thesame time said signals are beingseparated from each other and deliveredseparately to the several kinescopes in propersequence. v Thesynchronizing signals forrecording on the tape are delivered from thevunit 3 2@ through the amplifier 326 to the lines 327 and 328for'deliveryto the synchronizing signal recording unit of the recorder.The usual Sound trap 329 is shown for separating the sound signalsreceived over the ether for delivery to the receiver V speaker as audiosignals in conventional'rnanner, an audio amplier 33@ being shown insuch circuits. Y The audio v'signals are then delivered over the lines331 and 332 for transmission to the sound recorder of the recordingunit.

Provision is made for deliveringmthe antenna received signals directlyto vthe unit 323 kof lthe television receiver during normal reception,and during the production of a recorded record; and for disconnectingthe nantennairbm the television receiver andconnecting the antennaconnection of the television receiver to they proper sensing element ofthe scanning u nit of the recorder during playing-back. Examination ofFIGURE 23 thus shows the line'332a leading to the right-hand stationaryContact of the switch blade for the line 333, which line connects totherecorder scanning unit sensing element. Thus, wheny the" switch visionreceiver may also berecorded on tape according to the herein disclosedrecording arrangements, and afterwards played-back to that sametelevision receiver as a colorreplica.` It is not necessary to ,describethese arrangements in full detailin view of the extendedde'scriptionsalready given; but the following further eiiplanations 'are in order:

'three Vcolor kinescope translated sets of signals toV the commonviewingscreen 318, according to a'well understood arrangement. The sampler 319is shownfor distinguishing -the signals' of the three sets anddelivering such signals properly to thek several kinescopes, for prounit3314 is moved to its righthand or playinglbaek position, the recordersensed signals are delivered to the television unit 323 for operation ofthe televisin receiver from the recorded signals instead of directlyfrom the signals received by the antenna over the ether.

The ten blade double throw switch 334 is provided, which, when thrown toits left-hand position, ensures proper connections forrecording thecolor television signals received "from the ether, and when in itsright-hand positions ensures proper connections for playing-back theso-recorded signals, v Itis notbelieved necessary to describe thevarious connections to this switch, in view of the eXtended descriptionsalready given earlier herein.

What is claimed is:

l. Means to make a time sequence and spatially successiverecord of allradio frequency signals arriving at a given location, said radiofrequency signals including at least one set of radio frequency signals'comprising a 'carrier wave of predetermined radio frequency and ofvariations corresponding to transmitted intelligence, means to-sensesaid recorder radiofrequency signals in the time sequence and spatialsuccession of their recordings, means to receive and tune' radiofrequency signals ofthe frequency of said set of radio frequencycarrierwave signals vincluding means to translate the variations of said tunedsignals into perceptive intelligence, and operative connections'betweenthe sensing means and the receiving and tuning means, constituted todeliver to the receiving and tuning means the signals sensed by 4thesensingrneans in the time sequence of sensingfsaidsignals.

2. Means as deiined `in claim l, wherein saidv record comprises a seriesof substantially parallel cross-scan 17 records on a longitudinallyextending carrier element, and wherein the time and spatial successionsof therecorded signals are located along-successive scans and with timeprogress from scan to scan in a pre-determined longitudinal directionalong the carrier element.

3. Means as defined in claim 1, wherein the radio frequency signalsarriving at said given location and recorded include intermingled radiowaves of a plurality of sets of radio frequency signals each comprisinga carrier wave of pre-determined radio frequency different from theradio frequencies of other said carrier wave frequencies and ofvariations corresponding to transmitted intelligence individual to suchcarrier wave, and wherein the means to receive and tune radio frequencysignals and translate the variations of the tuned signals intoperceptive intelligence includes `selecting means constituted to selectand make operative the tuning `and translating means for the frequencyof any selected carrier wave.

4. Means as defined in claim 3, wherein said record comprises a seriesof substantially parallel cross-scan records on a longitudinallyextending carrier element, and wherein the time and spatial successionsof the recorded signals are located along successive scans and with timeprogress from scan to scan in a pre-determined longitudinal directionalong the carrier element.

5. Means as defined in claim 3, together with means to make operative orinoperative the recording means, and means to make operative orinoperative the connections between the sensing means and the receivingand tuning means.

6. Means as defined in claim 5, together with interconnections betweenthe operative or inoperative making means for the recording means, andthe operative or inoperative making means for the receiving and tuningmeans constituted to make operative either of said operative orinoperative making means when the other of said operative or inoperativemaking means is inoperative.

7. A signal recording and translating system including in combination atape constituted for the reception of intelligence, means to move saidtape linearly, means to produce force emitting cross scans at successivespacings along the tape, means to receive radio frequency incomingsignals including carrier Waves of at least one carrier wave frequency,connections between said radio frequency incoming signal receiving meansand the cross scan producing means constituted to cause the cross scanproducing means to produce the cross scans of varying strengthcorresponding to the varying strengths of the radio frequency carrierwave signals received by the incoming signal receiving means, means toreceive and tune signals of said carrier wave frequency, signal sensingmeans in proximity to the tape constituted to successively sense thestrengths of the forces emitted along the successive cross scans on thetape, and connections between said sensing means and the radio frequencyreceiving and tuning means, the radio frequency receiving and tuningmeans being constituted to tune -the carrier Wave frequency of theincoming carrier wave signals.

8. A system as defined in claim 7, wherein the means which receives theradio frequency incoming signals receives signals of a plurality ofcarrier wave frequencies, and wherein the radio frequency receiving andtuning means is constituted to receive said plurality of carrier wavefrequencies and tune a selected carrier wave frequency.

9. Means as defined in claim 8, wherein the means to receive and tunethe carrier wave signals 'also includes means to translate the tunedselected carrier wave frequency signals for production of audiofrequency signals.

10. Means as defined in claim 8, wherein the connections between theradio frequency incoming signal receiving means 'and the cross scanproducing means, and

the connections between the sensing means and the radio frequencyreceiving and tuning means, include means constituted to select and makeoperative either the connections which are between the radio frequencyincoming signal receiving meansiand the cross scanning producing means,or the connections which are between the sensing means and the radiofrequency receiving and tuning means.

11. Means as defined in claim 10, wherein the means to receive and tunethe carrier wave signals also includes means to translate such carrierwave signals for production of audio frequency signals.

12. Means to produce a tape recording of radio frequency signals,comprising in combination a tape, means to mount said tape for endwisemovement thereof, means to produce such endwise movement of such tape,means to yproduce uniformly spaced cross-wise extending force emittingstripes on said tape, and means to produce radio frequency signals forrecording on said tape; said force emitting stripe producing meansincluding Ia deflectable beam electron unit including an envelope, meansto produce a deectable beam within the envelope with impact of the beamagainst an elemental area of an elongated target, `means to support thedeflectable beam element with the elongated target parallel to the forceemission stripes produced on the tape, means to produce lateraldeflections of the beam and traverse of said elemental area along thetarget, means to produce a force -at the exterior of the envelope and inalignment with the loca- `tion of such elemental area, including meanswithin the envelope at the location of the elemental area andactivatable by the impact of the beam at such area to produce a beamforce exterior to the envelope in alignment with the elemental area,said exterior beam force moving laterally of the tape in a path parallelto the force emitting stripes produced on the tape, means to direct suchexterior beam force towards the tape, said exterior beam force acting onthe tape to produce `a force emitting scan thereon, means to modulatethe strength of the deflectable beam during lateral deflections of suchbeam, the strength of the beam force exterior to the envelope beingproportional to the deflectable beam strength during lateral movement ofthe beam and producing modulation of the force emitted by the forceemitting stripe, means to receive radio frequency signals to berecorded, and connections between the radio frequency receiving signalmeans and the beam strength modulating means of the electron unit.

13. Means as defined in claim 12, wherein the means within the envelopeat the location of the elemental area and activatable by the impact ofthe beam at such area to produce a beam force exterior to the envelopein alignment with the elemental area, comprises the elongated targetformed of material excitable by impact of the beam at the elemental areaand constituted to produce wave lengths in the ionizing range, togetherwith envelope material in proximity to the elongated target transparentto such ionizing wave lengths.

14. Means as dened in claim 12, wherein the means within the envelope atthe location of the elemental area and 4activatable by the impact of thebeam at such area to produce a beam force exterior to the envelope inalignment with the elemental area, comprises a series of electricalconductors extending through the envelope along the target area, theinner end portions of such conductors being in position for impact ofthe beam successively during beam scan, and the outer ends of suchconductors being in proximity to the tape along a path corresponding tothe path of scan of the beam within the envelope.

l5. Means as defined in claim 12, wherein the radio frequency signals tobe recorded include modulated carrier waves of at least one carrier wavefrequency.

16. Means as defined in claim 15, wherein the radio frequency signals tobe recorded include modulated carrier waves of a plurality of carrierwave frequencies.

17. Means as dened in claim l2, together with means to sense andtranslate the forces emitted by the stripes on the tape and rdeliversignals proportional to such forces, said sensing and translating meansincluding a deflectable beam electron unit including an envelope, meansto produce a deilectable beam within the envelope with impact of `thebeam against an elemental area yof an elongated target, means to supportthe deiiectable beam electron unit with the elongated target p-arallelto the force emission stripes on the tape, means to produce lateraldeflections of the beam andtraverse of said elemental area along thetarget, means to produce a force at the exterior of the envelope and inalignmentV with the loca-v tion of such elemental'area, including meanswithin the envelope at the location of the elemental area andactivatable by the impact of the beam at such area to produce a beamforce exterior to the envelope in alignmentwith the elemental area, saidexterior vbeam force moving laterally of the tape in a path paralleltothe force emitting stripes, `signal pick-up means located between saidexterior beam activated force andthe proximate stripeof the tape and oflateral dimension across the tape width corresponding to the path of theexterior beam activated force and subject to the combined exterior beamactivated 'force and the force emitting strength of the proximate tapestripe corresponding to each location of the beam during beam deflectionwithin the envelope, and a tunable radio receiver havinga radiofrequency input connection, and connections between the signal' pick-upmeans aforesaid, and the radio lfrequency input connection of thetunable radi-o receiver.

18. Means as defined in claim 17, wherein the radio frequency signals tobe recorded include modulated carrier waves yof at least one carrierwave frequency, and wherein the tunable receiver includes means toreceive such carrier wave frequency, and includes means to tune suchcarrier wave frequency and means to produce audio frequency wavescorresponding to the modulations of such radio frequency carrier Wave.

19. Means as defined in claim 17, wherein the radio frequency signals tobe recorded include modulated carrier waves of a plurality of carrierwave frequencies, and wherein the tunable receiver includes means toreceive such carrier wave frequencies, and includes means to tune aselected carrier wave frequency and means to produce audio frequencywaves corresponding to the modulations of such selected radio frequencycarrier wave.

References Cited in the lile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS

7. A SIGNAL RECORDING AND TRANSLATING SYSTEM INCLUDING IN COMBINATION ATAPE CONSTITUTED FOR THE RECEPTION OF INTELLIGENCE, MEANS TO MOVE SAIDTAPE LINEARLY, MEANS TO PRODUCE FORCE EMITTING CROSS SCANS AT SUCCESSIVESPACINGS ALONG THE TAPE, MEANS TO RECEIVE RADIO FREQUENCY INCOMINGSIGNALS INCLUDING CARRIER WAVES OF AT LEAST ONE CARRIER WAVE FREQUENCY,CONNECTIONS BETWEEN SAID RADIO FREQUENCY INCOMING SIGNAL RECEIVING MEANSAND THE CROSS SCAN PRODUCING MEANS CONSTITUTED TO CAUSE THE CROSS SCANPRODUCING MEANS TO PRODUCE THE CROSS SCANS OF VARYING STRENGTHCORRESPONDING TO THE VARYING STRENGTHS OF THE RADIO FREQUENCY CARRIERWAVE SIGNALS RECEIVED BY THE THE INCOMING SIGNAL RECEIVING MEANS, MEANSTO RECEIVE AND TUNE SIGNALS OF SAID CARRIER WAVE FREQUENCY, SIGNALSENSING MEANS IN PROXIMITY TO THE TAPE CONSTITUTED TO SUCCESSIVELY SENSETHE STRENGTHS OF THE FORCES EMITTED ALONG THE SUCCESSIVE CROSS SCANS ONTHE TAPE, AND CONNECTIONS BETWEEN SAID SENSING MEANS AND THE RADIOFREQUENCY RECEIVING AND TUNING MEANS, THE RADIO FREQUENCY RECEIVING ANDTUNING MEANS BEING CONSTITUTED TO TUNE THE CARRIER WAVE FREQUENCY OF THEINCOMING CARRIER WAVE SIGNALS.